Globe and globe-support



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J. DAVIS. GLOBE AND GLOBE SUPPORT Patented Jan. 22, 1884.

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J. DAVIS. GLOBE AND GLOBE SUPPORT;

Patented Jan. 22,

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' J. DAVIS;

GLOBE AND GLOBE SUPPORT.

No. 292,158. Patented.Ja,n.2Z, 1884.

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- UNrrED :S T PATENT #FFICE? 1 JOHN DAVIS, OF ALLEGHENY, PENNSYLVANIA.

GLOBE AND GLOBE-SUPPORT.

. SYECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 292,158, dated January 22, 1884/ I Application filed July 19, 1883. (X0 model.)

To all whom it may concern: J

Be it known that 1, JOHN DAVIS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Allegheny, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Globes and Globe-Supports; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled iii the art to which it appertains to make and u'se'the same. f

My inventionrelates to improvements in the method of manufacturing globes and globeframes for educational purposes.

The object of my .invention is to construct globe and supporting frame that shall be cheap, light, durable, unaffected by weather, and little liable to injury from falls or other concussion. I attain this object, first, byreason of the material from which the globe is made, second, by the novel process to which the materials of the globe are subj ected; third, by certain details in the construction of the globe-frame, all .of which will be hereinafter fully described. 1

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a square of buckram or othertextile fabric, stiffened with some adhesive matter which, when dried, becomes hard and inflexible. Fig. 2 represents a piece of paper, leather, or like material, cut in such shape as that when the curved edges are joined a hollow hemisphere will be formed. Fig. 3 represents 1 a vertical section of a portion of my apparatus for forming" the hemispheres from which my globes are made. 7

Fig. 4 represents a vertical section of the concave form or mold used in applying hydraulic or other pressure to the material while the hemisphere is in course of manufacture. Fig. 5 represents a like view of the machine" for trimming theedges of the hemisphere. Fig. 6 represents a like view of the apparatus used in joining the two hemispheres. Fig. 7 represents a section of the completed sphere taken Figs. 9, 9", detail views of parts of said axle;

Fig. 10, atop view of the complete globe; Fig. 11, a front'elevation of the complete globe and its support; and Fig. 12. an edge view of the upper portion of the globe-support and the gether to form'th complete sphere. These globes, however, are usually expensive, de-

structible, or more or less affected by atmos' pherical changes. To avoid these objections, I construct my globe of a layer or layers of buckram or other elastic textile fabric, which fabric has been previously coated with cement or like material, capable of hardening when cooled and dried. I shape said buckram or fibrous fabric'by means of the following apparatus.

, Referring to Fig. 3, A represents the baseof the mold or former, and B uprights extending therefrom. Secured to the tops' of these uprights is the form 0, whose outer surface is hemispherical.

D are gas-pipes, extending upwardly from r the base A, and designed to throw jets of flame against the internal surface of the form 0, whereby the latter is heated.

F is a concave form, curved to fit closely over the aforesaid form C. Said formF is attached toa frame, G, by mea'ns of uprights, and is provided with vents H, whereby. the steam generated in the material molded may escape from theformer. Above the frame G'the piston-rod ofa hydraulic engine or other power extends downwardly, for the purpose hereinafter specified.

respects, exceptin being devoid of 'steamvents.

The operation of.forming,liemisphercs by means of the aforegoing apparatus is as follows: I first heat the forms to the desiredtemperature. I then stretch over the form 0 a piece of buckram or other textile fabric, (of the shape shown in Fig. 1,) said buckram or textile fabric having been previously coated with cement or other material which becomes hard when cooled or dried. Said buckram is drawn down by the four corners until it closely covers the form. The piece of paper, leather. or other material (shown in Fig. 2) having been previously cemented into the form of a hemisphere, is preferably then placed upon the outside of the aforesaid fabric in such position as that it will cover the whole hemispherical surface of the latter. A second square of buckram or other textile fabric (also coated with cement) is then drawn over the aforesaid paper or leather hemisphere in the manner already described. The form H is then brought down upon the material, and its heat, in conjunction with the heat of form (3, temporarily softens the cement or similar stiffening material used, and at the same time causes all the moisture to assume the form of steam and escape through the vents H. This having been accomplished, the form F is removed and form I substitutedthere for. The piston of the hydraulic engine is then brought down upon the frame of form I, and the latter is subjected to a heavy pressure. By this means the material held between the two forms is at the sametime dried by the heat of the forms and compacted by pressure until it becomes a firm unyielding body. The material is then removed, and its edges are trimmed by means of the mechanism shown in Fig. This apparatus consists of a base-plate, K, and a top, L, connected together by uprights 3f. \Vithin this frame is a concave receptacle, N, of size and internal conformation to exactly contain the hemisphere desired. Thelowespart of this receptacle is provided with a stem, 0, having bearings in the base-plate K, and having attached to it a pulley, P. Fitting in said receptacle is a'convex body, Q, and bearing upon the center ofthe top ofsaid body is a rod, It. The upper end of said rod is adapted to be borne against by a screw, S, passing through the top L of the frame. Said screw may be actuated by any suitable means, its function being to force downward the rod 1?, and through it the convex body Q.

Attached to one of the side supports, M, is a cutting-instrument, T, whose edge projects over the side of the receptacle N.

The operation is as follows: The compressed unfinished hemisphere is placed within the receptacle, and the convex body Q, is superposed. The rod It is then placed in position between the convex body and the screw, and the latter is turned until the hemisphere is secured firmly in place. Motion is then imparted to the pulley I, and the receptacle, convex body, and hemisphere thereby revolved. As this revolution takes place the cutting-instrument is brought to bear upon the hemisphere, and the irregular edge of the latter is thereby cleanly divided from the body of the material, leaving a perfect hemisphere.

Before the hemispheres are joined together to form the completed globe an orifice is formed in the center of the convex portion of each hemisphere and an eyelet is secured in each orifice. These eyelets occupy the position of the poles in the completed globe, and act as -bearings for the axle and prevent the map from being abraded by the globe-frame, as hereinafter specified. To join together two such hemispheres I employ the device shown in Fig. 6. Said device consists of a ring, U, whose diameter between its inner sides is equal to the diameter of the completed sphere. This ring is supported upon suitable legs, and secured to the latter is a table, XV, situated at such distance from the aforesaid ring as that a perpendicular let fall from the median line of said ring to said table will equal the radius of the hemisphere.

The operation is asfollows: One ofthe hemispheres, whose edges have been previously coated with adhesive matter, is slipped through the ring upon the table in such manner as that the edge of said hemisphere will reach midway of the ring. The edge of the second hemisphere is then brought in contact with that of the first and pressed down upon same. The adhesive matter is then allowed to dry, and the globe is ready for the application of the map.

The axle (shown in Fig. 9) is constructed as follows: a is the body of the axle, one of whose extremities, b, is cut away to form an annular shoulder, c, Surrounding this reduced eX- tremity, and resting against the shoulder 0, is a spring, (7, whose outer ends press against the head 6, also surrounding the aforesaid reduced extremity. Said head 6 is provided with afixed finger, and a movable finger, g, for the purposes hereinafter specified. The body a of the axle at its other extremity is provided with two fixed fingers, f made integral with the head 9. Said body a, as will be seen, is in reality journaled in the heads e 1.

i, Fig. 11, represents a circular frame or meridian-plate for the support of the globe. Said frame is constructed in a single solid piece, and is secured to the support 7. by means of bolts 1 To fix the globe within the meridian-plate the spring (I and head a are removed from the end of the axle (I, and the latter forced through the eyelet-holes of the globe. The said spring and guide are then secured in position, and the movable finger f/ is withdrawn from the head. The axle is then placed within the meridianplate 1 with the fingersf straddling the support upon one side and the finger f resting against the side of the support 011 the opposite side. The movable finger g is then returned to its socket in the head 0, and the globe thereby secured in the meridian-plate. The fingers also perform the function of pointers upon the meridian-plate '17, said plate being graduated and marked in the ordinary manner. By this construction it will be seen that when the spring end of the axle is pressed up or down the opposite extremity will move in the contrary direction, and in this way the axial inclination of the globe maybe changedwithout affecting its security within the meridian-plate. It will also be seen that the globe and axle may be revolved at pleasure.

Midway of the frame and the globe I affix the plates m.

material. Their free edges are recessedat m to allow for the passage of the fingers f f g. Said edges are also provided with right-angled flanges on, through which pass screws, by means of which the aforesaid horizon-plates are secured to the circular frame 1". The frame 73 may be provided with the usual signs, graduations, &c. l I

It will be understood that in the aforegoing specification I do notconfine myself to the .construction of globes from sheets of two or more substances, the essence ofv that part of the invention'consisting in the construction of globes from an elastic textile fabric treated in the manner therein described.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is v 1. A globe consisting of twohemispherical shells, each shell constructed of an inner layer of stretched textile fabric,a middle stiffeninglayer of leather or similar suitable material,

0 and an outer layer of stretched textile fabric,

Said plates represent the hori-- zon-plane, and are constructed ofany suitable all of said layers cemented together, substantially as and for the purposes described.

2. The globe-axle a, provided upon one extremity with a shoulder, a, spring (I, and fingersfg, and upon the other extremity with fingers f, substantially as described, whereby the inclination of the axis of the globe maybe changed, as set forth.

3. The combination,with the meridian-plate z, of the semicircular horizon-plates m, provided with recesses m and flanges m substantially as described, whereby the said horizonplates are secured to said meridian-plate, as set forth.

4. As an article of manufacture, the withindescribed globe and globe-support, consisting of the globe provided with axle-bearings, the axle a, provided upon one extremity with spring d, guide 0, fixed finger f, and movable finger g, and upon the other end with fingers f, the horizon-platesm, having recesses m and flanges m meridian plane '5, and base is, all arranged and operated in the manner and for the" purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

a J OHN DAVIS. Witnesses:

FRANK M. GREEN, LENox Smrrsox. 

